In the last week, Hels and I have been with some
of the 36,000 South Sudanese Refugees currently pouring over the border into Uganda.
It’s been an eye-opening experience as we see first-hand the realities of life
for these victims of war.
It all started when a friend of ours who works
for the UN invited us up to Adjumani on the border of South Sudan Our drive north from Kampala towards South
Sudan was along atrocious roads- it took us 10 hours to travel 448kms. Every few minutes we passed isolated
communities made up of half a dozen round mud huts with straw roofs. Many of these villages were the sites of IDP
camps from the days of Uganda’s civil war.
The people living out there are very poor. The only connection with the outside world is
the odd MTN (local mobile phone network) sign and an occasional rusty bodaboda
(motorcycle). Red dust covers everything
and it’s extremely hot. It is into this landscape
the South Sudanese are fleeing.
South Sudan, Africa’s newest nation is now the
setting for Africa’s latest war. The
fighting is mostly between the two biggest tribal groups, the Dinka and Nuer
who are each backing their political leaders.
For a good article with a more in-depth explanation of the causes of the
conflict go here.
The fighting started just before Christmas and since
then, there have been about 10,000 killed, mostly civilians. Half a million more have been displaced. Of the displaced some have left the borders
of South Sudan where they’re being intercepted by the Ugandan army and UNHCR
workers. They are then put on trucks and
sent to the registration centre outside the town of Adjumani. We were told that 36,000 people have arrived
there since Dec 16th and hundreds more are arriving daily. We felt so privileged to see the entire
process live in action before us- from when a refugee arrives, to being registered,
to the transition centre and finally the camp where they will live. Helen did a
number of interviews on radio about it and you can listen to one of them here.
On arrival we came across a mass of tents lining
one side of the road and crowds of people sitting under trees. We climbed an incomplete two storey, brick building
to get a view of the surrounding countryside and the people living there. A crowd of children followed us upstairs. From this elevation we could see hundreds
more tents, close packed, stretching back from the road. We found out that these were the illegal
refugees, people who had fled across the border but had not registered
themselves with the UNHCR. They’re still
provided with tents and some basic facilities but cannot be processed and moved
on until they’ve registered. These
asylum seekers were mostly sitting in any shade available. All the while we were there the crowd of
children around us grew. For many of
them we were the first white people they’d seen.
Next we drove a few minutes up the road to the
registration centre. This area looked
like a scene straight out of ‘Blood Diamond’.
Orderly lines of big UNHCR white tents are surrounded by tall barbed
wire fences. The one permanent building
in the enclosure had a printed list of names stuck to a door of the refugees
who have been granted a plot of land on which to settle. A crowd of people were anxiously checking
this list on a daily basis. There are
some basic facilities, but both toilets and water remain in short supply. This shortage means that there are fears of a
cholera outbreak when it next rains. Wooden
fences have been erected around food preparation areas to keep people out while
men stirred barrel sized pots of rice over coal fires. We looked
inside some of the ‘100 person tents’ and saw no mattresses, just tarpaulins
lining the parched ground.
We left the registration centre for the
place
the refugees are being settled ten kilometres down the road. Formed on the 3rd of January this
is the newest refugee settlement in Uganda. To date 16,000 South Sudanese have
been moved here. Once this settlement is
full they’ll start another one. Each
refugee family is given a plot of land (30ftx30ft) and some basic equipment
such as gardening tools and plastic for roofing. Then they are left to start a new life,
permanently if they want to. Again the
quality of the land looked fairly terrible.
The vegetation has been burned off.
For now food is being supplied for these people too but the idea is that
through time the quantity will diminish as the new community starts growing
crops. While we were visiting some of
the women were complaining that they didn’t know how to build a house and had
no men to help them. There are very few
men. We had it explained to us that many
of the men accompanied their families to the Ugandan border before leaving them
to go back and protect their houses or to fight. The vast majority of these
refugees are women and children. Sadly,
I don’t know how many of these families will be re-united.
A few things stood out to me as I processed all
of this:
Firstly I was struck by the idea that the
refugees have nothing to do, especially before they are settled. We saw them sitting in their tents or under
trees, waiting. Some were playing cards,
some were cooking food on charcoal fires but most were doing very little. I think boredom must be one of the hardest
things for these people. Some will be
waiting like this for some months, maybe longer. The heat is intense, the land scorched
and the people uncertain for what the future holds.
We were very impressed by the work being done by
the aid agencies up there and the UN.
Refugees only started arriving a month ago and already many of them have
been processed and moved to permanent refugee settlements. A massive number of tents have been brought
in and set up. Food stations and water
pumps are more or less keeping up with the demand- no small task. The general feeling was one of relative calm
not desperation or chaos.
So what does all this mean for us and the
organisation we work for? At present
Tutapona has a team delivering the trauma rehabilitation program in the region
around Gulu to those who were traumatised by Uganda’s civil war, but not yet to
these new refugees. After a lot of prayer and careful consideration - Helen and
I are moving up to live in Adjumani in one weeks’ time. We’ll be based there
until the end of February and are tasked with working with the Office of the
Prime Minister, the settlement commander and the UN to set up Tutapona and get
our program off the ground. We can’t wait!
